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AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is a worldwide development cooperation of car manufacturers, suppliers and other companies from the electronics, semiconductor and software industry. Since 2003 they have been working on the development and introduction of an open, standardized software architecture for the automotive industry.
The primary goal of the AUTOSAR development cooperation is the standardization of basic system functions and functional interfaces, the ability to integrate, exchange and transfer functions within a car network and to substantially improve software updates and upgrades over the vehicle lifetime. Having this goal in mind, AUTOSAR pushes the paradigm shift from an ECU based to a function based system design attempt in automotive software development and enables the management of the growing E/E complexity with respect to technology and economics.
The AUTOSAR Software Component implementation is independent from the infrastructure
A fundamental design concept of AUTOSAR is the separation between:
- application and
- infrastructure
An application in AUTOSAR consists of interconnected “AUTOSAR software Components”.
 The image shows an application consisting of three AUTOSAR Software Components which are interconnected by several “connectors”.
Each AUTOSAR Software Component encapsulates part of the functionality of the application. AUTOSAR does not prescribe how large the AUTOSAR Software Components are. Depending on the requirements of the application domain an AUTOSAR Software Component might be a small, reusable piece of functionality (such as a filter) or a larger block encapsulating an entire automotive functionality.
However, the AUTOSAR Software Component is a so-called “Atomic Software Component”. It cannot be distributed over several AUTOSAR ECUs. Consequently, each instance of an AUTOSAR Software Component that should be present in a vehicle is assigned to one ECU.
The Tutorial here
Fuente: http://www.muycomputer.com/Actualidad/Noticias/Intel-segundo-en-kernel-Linux/_wE9ERk2XxDDDPRKyaWUehycHesan55N_EFxxymBReu3enYCLLbVpmh-x1QcfPAUO
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| Autor: Juan Martín Fecha: 18/07/2009 |
El gigante del chip ha triplicado su contribución al núcleo Linux en los últimos dos años para alcanzar el segundo puesto, tan solo por detrás de Red Hat. Según los nuevos datos presentados por Jonathan Corbet del LWN.net en el simposium Linux de Otawa, el primer fabricante mundial de microprocesadores viene aumentando progresivamente su contribución al kernel Linux desde el 2,3 por ciento en 2007, al 4,1 en 2008, alcanzando el 6,9 por ciento en 2009. Cifras muy relevantes para una empresa de hardware.
Red Hat, Novell o IBM son importantes empresas de software que mantienen fuertes inversiones y unidades de negocio en Linux, por lo que tiene sentido que contribuyan en gran medida a su núcleo. Sin embargo, puede sorprender que Intel sea ya la segunda, de un total de 339 empresas que a través de 2.559 desarrolladores habrían añadido 4,8 millones de líneas de código en 2008 al kernel Linux.
Dirk Hohndel, responsable en Intel de Linux y de tecnologías de código abierto, indica que la contribución de tantas empresas “es un signo de fortaleza de la comunidad Linux y muestra lo importante que es el sistema libre”. Pero ¿por qué un gigante del hardware se toma tan en serio su contribución al software de código abierto y no deja de aumentar el número de desarrolladores destinados al sistema? En CNET explican que el compromiso de Intel con Linux sería una cobertura a su larga asociación con Microsoft.
La alianza WinIntel que domina con mano firme el mercado de consumo de PCs no alcanza a otros segmentos como dispositivos portátiles de Internet, smartphones o sistemas embebidos donde predomina Linux y microprocesadores de arquitectura ARM. Intel pretende copar todos los segmentos del mercado e igual que no tuvo problema alguno en llegar a un acuerdo estratégico con Apple para motorizar los Mac (máximos rivales de Microsoft), ahora pretende entrar por la puerta grande en smartphones, embebidos o netbooks incluso con una plataforma propia como Moblin con núcleo Linux. El interés de Intel es claro, estar a la cabeza del mercado en venta de microprocesadores, desde servidores a sistemas embebidos.
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Fuente: http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=93527
19-10-2009
Linux y electrónica de consumo
MuyComputer
¿Dominará Linux la electrónica de consumo mundial? Así lo cree Jim Zemlin, presidente de la fundación Linux, señalando la importante tendencia en el sector tecnológico para el crecimiento y adopción del sistema abierto durante un discurso en el evento Maemo celebrado en Amsterdam. La mayor flexibilidad, libertad y ausencia de costes por pago de licencias, permitirá a Linux convertirse en la mayor plataforma mundial de la electrónica de consumo, estima, apoyada principalmente en el segmento móvil y en sistemas embebidos.
De hecho, la plataforma Linux ha aumentado considerablemente su importancia y extensión en la electrónica de consumo proporcionando la base de innumerables productos como set-top-boxes, lectores de libros electrónicos, teléfonos móviles y segmento de integrados/embebidos, resalta Zemlin indicando algo obvio: “la plataforma sólo avanzará con ayuda de los fabricantes”. “Tardará un tiempo hasta que las compañías se den cuenta de los beneficios del código abierto pero les aseguro que eso sucederá”, explica el responsable de la fundación que gobierna Linux poniendo de ejemplo a nuevos actores como Intel -segundo contribuyente mundial al kernel- o Nokia “que están utilizando importantes recursos para mejorar tecnologías de código abierto”.
“Lógicamente las empresas se esfuerzan para cumplir sus propios objetivos pero indirectamente ayudan a otros colaboradores”, dice Zemlin que apuesta por mostrarles los beneficios de una participación de alto nivel para atraer más compañías al ecosistema.
Zemlin especuló además con el aumento del “hardware subvencionado” hasta “coste cero” con plataforma Linux por las operadoras móviles y proveedores de servicios de Internet en el segmento de smartphones, MIDs y netbooks. Una tendencia que va en aumento aunque ni a coste cero -hay que “atarse” a la operadora y pagar religiosamente tarifas de voz y datos- y que además no impide que integren sistemas propietarios.
Aún así, Zemlin se muestra confiado en el crecimiento de Linux en la electrónica de consumo hasta alcanzar a la mayoría de dispositivos. Una previsión que contrasta con la débil implantación en los ordenadores de consumo como señalaban nuestros compañeros de MuyLinux, aunque se trate de segmentos diferentes del mercado.
http://muycomputer.com/Actualidad/Noticias/Linux-y-electronica-de-consumo/_wE9ERk2XxDDkvc9EGqjJRS0-7drNEy1glq5Z_T8Kq3EBPdMJGXS7jiM6i7Ohj3Mo
The standard setup uses a Motorola 68HC908 microcontroller, the Windows operating system on the PC, and Matlab. An alternative setup was chosen, using a PIC18F4520 microcontroller, Fedora 8 Linux on the PC, and GNU Octave. This alternative setup allowed for an easier to implement software design, which outperformed other designs on a variety of levels.
Case Study: Fedora in an University Engineering Lab
Benjamin Kreuter and Robert Greene
May 14, 2008
Purpose
This case study provides details on how Fedora 8 Linux was used and relied on in an academic laboratory project. The motivation for choosing Fedora is outlined, and the advantages afforded by this
choice are discussed. In addition, the ability to use necessary proprietary software in Fedora 8 is discussed. Block diagrams of specific parts of the design are presented, to aid in illustrating how a
Linux system was used to accomplish the goals of the project. Due to concerns over possible plagiarism by future students, the specific results of the project have been omitted, but are available from the authors upon request.
Conclusion
By choosing a free software system, a superior software design was achieved, at no cost, in a university engineering laboratory setting. This design was more flexible than designs based on proprietary software, with a shorter development schedule. This project may serve as an example of how engineering students can use Fedora Linux in their education, especially in a demanding course in engineering design.
The four pages study is available clicking the title.
YASEP, “Yet Another Small Embedded Processor”. It’s a configurable (16-bit or 32-bit) microcontroller core. It is meant to be small and as simple as possible. Students and hobbyists can also easily participate and learn from this project. The author thinks that by choosing sometimes unusual methods, it is possible to concentrate on the real issues of CPU development, mainly : architectural choices and implementation details.
YASEP exists in the form of a package that is not just a simulator, an assembler, a disassembler, a manual, a development tool, it is all that and it will be much more ! Every part is integrated in the others (and vice versa), so the whole remains (almost) coherent, easy to use and quick to develop, fix, maintain..
The gEDA project has produced and continues working on a full GPL‘d suite and toolkit of Electronic Design Automation tools. These tools are used for electrical circuit design, schematic capture, simulation, prototyping, and production. Currently, the gEDA project offers a mature suite of free software applications for electronics design, including schematic capture, attribute management, bill of materials (BOM) generation, netlisting into over 20 netlist formats, analog and digital simulation, and printed circuit board (PCB) layout.
The gEDA project was started because of the lack of free EDA tools for POSIX systems with the primary purpose of advancing the state of free hardware or open source hardware. The suite is mainly being developed on the GNU/Linux platform with some development effort going into making sure the tools run on other platforms as well.
For a complete list of freely available tools please be sure to visit Open Collector.
- Gerbv is a viewer for Gerber RS-274X files*, Excellon drill files, and CSV pick-and-place files.
- Gerbv is a native Linux application, and it runs on many common unix platforms.
- The core functionality of gerbv is located in a separate library (libgerbv), allowing developers to include Gerber parsing/editing/exporting/rendering into other programs. Documentation for libgerbv is here.
- Gerbv is one of the utilities affiliated with the gEDA project, an umbrella organization dedicated to producing free software tools for electronic design.
*A Gerber File is a file format used by printed circuit board manufacturing machines to layout electrical connections such as traces, vias, and pads (the component “footprints” on the PCB). In addition, the file contains information for drilling, and milling the completed circuit board.
GPUTILS is a collection of tools for the Microchip (TM) PIC microcontrollers. It includes gpasm, gplink, and gplib. It’s distributed under the terms of the GNU Public License. See the gnupic page for other GNU PIC tools such as gpsim, a gputils compatible simulator.
Objective: To design and publish core designs under a license for hardware modeled on the Lesser General Public License (LGPL) for software. We are committed to the ideal of freely available, freely usable and re-usable open source hardware.
One idea is to reuse cores and to shared the expending workload of verification of electronic chips designs. Proprietary cores are hard to integrate due to the multiplicity of incompatible design and test tools.
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