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Soruce: here The aim of the page is to become a useful resource for scientists, engineers and students using Ubuntu (or any other) Linux.
Source: here This page contains a list of free alternatives to proprietary software useful for Scientists. See SoftwareEquivalents. About software useful for Scientists, see also UbuntuScience.
MathGL is:
Scientific Linux is a free operating system (a Linux distribution), co-developed by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), and which aims to be 100% compatible with and based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
La idea detás de Scientific Linux surgió a partir de una versión de Linux creada por el Fermilab, llamada Fermi Linux. Varios científicos se pusieron en contacto con la gente del Fermilab, y básicamente dijeron: “Hey, hagamos una distro juntos”. Así fue como nació HEPL, algo así como “Linux para Física de Alta Energía”. La distro tuvo una muy buena aceptación, salvo por el nombre. Esto se debió a que muchos laboratorios y universidades no tenían nada que ver con alta energía, o incluso no tocaban ningún tema sobre física. Luego surgió el detalle de que existía un laboratorio con esas siglas, por lo que finalmente se cambió a Scientific Linux, quedando de esa forma. Después entró el CERN a la ecuación (sí, esos detrás del LHC), tras la salida de la primera versión de Scientific Linux, numerada 3.0.1. La colaboración entre el CERN y el Fermilab amplió mucho la base de compatibilidad de Scientific Linux, ya que el CERN necesitaba que la distro de Linux fuera compatible con procesadores Itanium, y fueron ellos mismos quienes se encargaron del desarrollo. Párrafo citado de Scientific Linux: Linux por científicos, Rebelion. 4-Ago-2009 . The GNU Scientific Library (GSL) is a numerical library for C and C++ programmers. The library provides a wide range of mathematical routines such as random number generators, special functions and least-squares fitting. There are over 1000 functions in total with an extensive test suite. The complete range of subject areas covered by the library includes,
Unlike the licenses of proprietary numerical libraries the license of GSL does not restrict scientific cooperation. It allows you to share your programs freely with others.
R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. The R language has become a de facto standard among statisticians for the development of statistical software,[4][5] and is widely used for statistical software development and data analysis.[5] R provides a wide variety of statistical (linear and nonlinear modelling, classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification, clustering, …) and graphical techniques, and is highly extensible. The S language is often the vehicle of choice for research in statistical methodology, and R provides an Open Source route to participation in that activity. Software introduction in PDF (here). Example Sesion in page 78. NumPy is the fundamental package needed for scientific computing with Python. It contains:
Scilab is a numerical computational package developed since 1990 by researchers from the INRIA and the École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC). Since the creation of the Scilab consortium in May 2003, it is developed and maintained by the INRIA.[1]
Scilab is a high level, numerically oriented programming language. The language provides an interpreted programming environment, with matrices as the main data type. By utilizing matrix based computation, dynamic typing and automatic memory management, many numerical problems may be expressed in a reduced number of code lines. Rapidly construct models for a range of mathematical problems. Also provides a library of high level operations such as correlation and complex multidimensional arithmetic. The software can be used for signal processing, statistical analysis, image enhancement, fluid dynamics simulations and numerical optimization.[2][3] Scilab also includes a package called Scicos for modeling and simulation of explicit and implicit dynamical systems, including both continuous and discrete sub-systems. As the syntax of Scilab is similar to MATLAB, Scilab includes a source code translator for assisting the conversion of code from MATLAB to Scilab. Scilab is available free of cost under an open source license. Due to the open source nature of the software, some user contributions have been integrated into the main program. Scilab – LabVIEW™ Gateway
 Connecting LabVIEW with Scilab … and getting Scilab’s power through LabVIEW.Download Scilab – LabVIEW Gateway. LabVIEW is a trademark of National Instruments. GNU Octave is a high-level language, primarily intended for numerical computations. It provides a convenient command line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with Matlab. It may also be used as a batch-oriented language.
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